Mean annual snow-free radiance over the district's land pixels with good-quality retrievals (NASA Black Marble VNP46A4, ≈500 m). Water is masked and pixels are capped at 500 to limit gas flares. A satellite proxy for settlement and economic activity, not a measure of output.
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NASA LAADS DAAC (Black Marble) · VNP46A4.002 · unit: nW·cm⁻²·sr⁻¹
SabahKu · DOSM via OpenDOSM (CC BY 4.0) · methodology · about